What is Nipah Virus and how does it spread?
Nipah virus is a zoonotic illness that is usually spread from animals to humans but can also spread through contaminated food or directly between people through close contact with bodily fluids (e.g., saliva) and close physical interaction1. The fruit bat, also known as the Flying Fox Bat, is the natural host of the virus.
Current situation and risk
Cases have been reported since 1998 in Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Philippines and Singapore. In Bangladesh and India, outbreaks have been recently reported in 20261. Currently, in Canada, no cases of Nipah virus have been reported and transmission risk remains very low2.
Who is most at risk?
A person might be at higher risk if they2:
- Recently traveled to an area where cases of Nipah virus have been found, such as2:
- Bangladesh
- India
- Malaysia
- Singapore
- Had close contact with the bodily fluids and/or waste of someone who has the virus.
- Work with animals that can carry Nipah Virus, such as pigs and bats, in countries where Nipah virus is found2.
- Ate food that may have been touched by infected fruit bats, when in affected regions, such as2:
- Raw dates
- Fresh fruit
- Palm juice
What are the symptoms of Nipah virus?
Symptoms can include1:
- Fever
- Difficulty breathing
- Cough
- Confusion
- Vomiting
- Headaches
- Sore throat
- Muscle pain
Symptoms usually occur within 3 to 14 days after contact with the virus. In rare cases, it may take up to 45 days to develop symptoms1. There is a 45% to 75% risk of death following Nipah virus infection. It is important to contact a healthcare professional by phone right away if you travelled to an area where Nipah virus is present and have symptoms or have come into contact with someone who has Nipah virus.
What to do if you become ill.
- Contact a healthcare professional by phone right away if you travelled to an area where Nipah virus is present and have symptoms or have come into contact with someone who has Nipah virus.
- Before attending a healthcare setting for medical care or testing including a clinic, hospital, medical lab, radiologic facility, you must call the facility and notify them that you have been exposed to Nipah virus, or in contact with someone who has the virus, so that they can prepare for your arrival and prevent virus spread.
- Wear a well-fitting, high-quality mask when seeking medical assessment.
Is there a test?
Yes. A healthcare professional can do a test to check for Nipah virus2.
For medical questions or help, you can also call Health811 toll-free at 8-1-1.
Is there treatment?
There is no available vaccine or medication to treat Nipah virus.
References