What is it?

An IUD is long-term method of birth control.  This T-shaped device is inserted into a women’s uterus (where pregnancy occurs) by a doctor and can remain in place for up to 5 years.  There are two types of IUDs:

·        Hormonal IUD

·        Copper IUD

How does it work?

Hormonal IUD: This device emits a hormone that causes the uterine lining (lining of the uterus) to thin and the cervix to thicken.  This makes it difficult for sperm to pass through the cervix and into the uterus where pregnancy occurs.

Copper IUD: This device contains copper wire.  The copper wire changes the chemistry and lining of the uterus destroying sperm and making it difficult for an egg to grow

Remember, the IUD protects against pregnancy but it DOES NOT protect you from Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

How effective is it?

The IUD is 98% effective in preventing pregnancy

Possible Side Effects

• Increased risk for developing sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) if sexually active (having sex) with more than one partner
• Copper IUD may cause increased pain and increased menstrual flow (more blood) during your period
• Hormonal IUD may reduce menstrual blood loss (blood loss during your period)
• May cause cramping and spotting in the first weeks following insertion
• If you get pregnant while using the IUD, there is a greater chance of having an ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy occurs in the fallopian tube)
• IUD may slip out

The IUD is a good choice for you, IF:

• You have a steady sexual partner (both partners are loyal to the relationship)
• You want a long-term and reliable method of birth control
• You are breastfeeding (the IUD has no effect on breast milk)
• You have problems with hormonal methods of birth control (Copper IUD contains no hormones)
• You seek an alternative to Tubal Ligation (you have completed your family)

The IUD is not for you, IF:

• You are pregnant
• You frequently change sexual partners
• Your sexual organs are inflamed or infected
• You suffer from a disease that weakens your immune system (the body system that protects you from infection)
• You have allergies to any IUD materials
• You have bleeding from your vagina that is not related to your period

Important points

• Effective and low-cost method of birth control

• Must be inserted by a doctor.  If you do not have a family doctor, one can be provided for you at the Health Unit

For additional information on the Intra Uterine Device or other questions related to sexual health contact the Windsor Essex County Health Unit at (519) 258-2146 ext 1200 or 1201

The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. (2000). Sex Sense:

Canadian Contraceptive Guide. Ottawa, ON.

The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. (2000). Choosing a

contraceptive that’s right for you…. Ottawa, ON.

Limburg, J. Middlesex-London Health Unit. (1998) Birth Control Options. London, ON.

Reviewed April 25, 2007

T/Sexual Health/Fact Sheets/Birth Control Options